1.安裝JDK
下載的jdk文件為:jdk-6u45-linux-x64.bin,執(zhí)行如下命令進(jìn)行安裝:
#./jdk-6u12-linux-i586.bin
2.安裝tomcat:
#tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.18.tar.gz #mv apache-tomcat-6.0.29 tomcat
這里我將解壓后的apache-tomcat-6.0.29重命名為了tomcat方便操作。
3.配置環(huán)境變量:
編輯/etc下的profile文件,加上如下內(nèi)容:
JAVA_HOME="/opt/app/jdk1.6.0_45" CLASS_PATH="$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib" PATH=".:$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin" CATALINA_HOME="/opt/app/tomcat" export JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME
執(zhí)行下面命令使變更生效:
# source /etc/profile
啟動(dòng)tomcat并輸入http://domain:8080,如果看到貓的頁(yè)面即tomcat和jdk安裝成功
新建文件目錄/home/www為網(wǎng)站存放目錄,設(shè)置server.xml文件,在Host name=”localhost”處將appBase=的指向路徑改為/home/www/web
創(chuàng)建index.jsp至/home/www/web/ROOT,內(nèi)容為:“hello!”? 重新啟動(dòng)tomcat,重新訪(fǎng)問(wèn),如果看到index.jsp文件內(nèi)容hello!表示設(shè)置成功。
4.安裝Nginx
執(zhí)行如下命令解壓nginx:
# tar zxvf nginx-1.4.4.tar.gz # mv nginx-1.4.4 nginx
同樣重命名了一下。
安裝nginx:
# ./configure --prefix=/opt/app/nginx
結(jié)果出現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤:error: C compiler cc is not found,按網(wǎng)上所說(shuō)安裝編譯源碼所需的工具和庫(kù):
#yum install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel perl
再次安裝,發(fā)現(xiàn)還有錯(cuò)誤:the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
執(zhí)行
# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel
終于成功,
# ./configure --prefix=/opt/app/nginx # make # make install
nginx安裝成功后的安裝目錄為/opt/app/nginx
二、Nginx方面的配置
在/usr/local/目錄下分別安裝nginx和tomcat
為nginx添加conf.d目錄,用于各項(xiàng)目的配置,比如新建renhetoutiao.conf文件
server {
listen 80;
server_name devtoutiao.renhe.cn;
root /home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/htdocs;
access_log /home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/logs/access_log.log;
location = / {
rewrite ^/$ /index.shtml last;
}
location ~ .shtml {
proxy_pass http://localhost:8081;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
location ~ .*.(js|css)?$ {
expires 1h;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name devtoutiao.renhe.cn;
root /home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/htdocs;
access_log /home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/logs/access_log.log;
location = / {
rewrite ^/$ /index.shtml last;
}
location ~ .shtml {
proxy_pass http://localhost:8081;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
location ~ .*.(js|css)?$ {
expires 1h;
}
}
對(duì)nginx的conf/nginx.conf修改,第二行 user root,賦予nginx root權(quán)限,在http中添加 include /usr/local/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
選擇一個(gè)項(xiàng)目如renhetoutiao, 目錄/home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/
三、Tomcat方面的配置
catalina.policy catalina.properties context.xml tomcat-users.xml server.xml web.xml
這5個(gè)配置文件就可以啟動(dòng)一個(gè)tomcat實(shí)例,其中server.xml是必須配置的。
catalina.policy catalina.properties web.xml 可以使用默認(rèn)的,可以從安裝路徑copy,context.xml tomcat-users.xml可以不用。
所以每個(gè)項(xiàng)目我們只需要配置server.xml, 如renhetoutiao項(xiàng)目的配置
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<Server port="8015" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"
SSLEngine="on" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
<Service name="Catalina">
<Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="false" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Context docBase="/home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/web" path="" />
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<Server port="8015" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"
SSLEngine="on" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
<Service name="Catalina">
<Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="false" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Context docBase="/home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/web" path="" />
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>
因?yàn)槭褂胣ginx,tomcat的ajp不會(huì)使用,所以可以去掉,tomcat可以這樣簡(jiǎn)單配置。注意每個(gè)項(xiàng)目的連接端口和關(guān)閉端口,不要有重復(fù)。
因?yàn)閠omcat回去加載指定路徑下得class lib,所以必須把配置、依賴(lài)等copy至web下,啟動(dòng)腳本bin/startup,關(guān)閉腳本bin/shutdown 如下:
#!/bin/sh
export CATALINA_BASE="$PWD"
export CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat"
#啟動(dòng)為適配tomcat目錄做的準(zhǔn)備
#遷移tomcat必要的配置文件 catalina.policy catalina.properties context.xml tomcat-users.xml web.xml
if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy ]; then
cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.policy "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf
fi
if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.properties ]; then
cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.properties "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf
fi
if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/web.xml ]; then
cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/web.xml "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf
fi
if [ ! -d "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs ]; then
mkdir logs
fi
#準(zhǔn)備classes和lib目錄
CLASSES_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/classes
LIB_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/lib
rm -rf "$CLASSES_PATH"
rm -rf "$LIB_PATH"
cp -R "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf "$CLASSES_PATH"
cp -R "$CATALINA_BASE"/lib "$LIB_PATH"
#啟動(dòng)時(shí)會(huì)記錄進(jìn)程ID,存放于logs/tomcat.pid內(nèi)
#shutdown時(shí)強(qiáng)制關(guān)閉該進(jìn)程
$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh
#!/bin/sh
export CATALINA_BASE="$PWD"
export CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat"
#啟動(dòng)為適配tomcat目錄做的準(zhǔn)備
#遷移tomcat必要的配置文件 catalina.policy catalina.properties context.xml tomcat-users.xml web.xml
if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy ]; then
cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.policy "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf
fi
if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.properties ]; then
cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.properties "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf
fi
if [ ! -f "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/web.xml ]; then
cp "$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/web.xml "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf
fi
if [ ! -d "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs ]; then
mkdir logs
fi
#準(zhǔn)備classes和lib目錄
CLASSES_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/classes
LIB_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/lib
rm -rf "$CLASSES_PATH"
rm -rf "$LIB_PATH"
cp -R "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf "$CLASSES_PATH"
cp -R "$CATALINA_BASE"/lib "$LIB_PATH"
#啟動(dòng)時(shí)會(huì)記錄進(jìn)程ID,存放于logs/tomcat.pid內(nèi)
#shutdown時(shí)強(qiáng)制關(guān)閉該進(jìn)程
$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh
#!/bin/sh export CATALINA_BASE="$PWD" export CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat" $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh #!/bin/sh export CATALINA_BASE="$PWD" export CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat" $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh
通過(guò)tomcat的startup.sh腳本,會(huì)碰到項(xiàng)目中分配的線(xiàn)程沒(méi)有及時(shí)釋放,tomcat不能及時(shí)關(guān)閉,導(dǎo)致重啟時(shí)產(chǎn)生端口沖突
解決方案:強(qiáng)制關(guān)閉tomcat進(jìn)程,kill -9 PID,執(zhí)行腳本需要啟動(dòng)時(shí)記錄各個(gè)tomcat實(shí)例的進(jìn)程,這里將進(jìn)程PID保存在項(xiàng)目的logs目錄下。
記錄PID的操作需要修改tomcat安裝目錄下 bin/catalina.sh腳本
在PRGDIR=dirname “$PRG”后面加上
TOMCAT_PID="$PWD"/"logs/tomcat.pid" if [ -f "$TOMCAT_PID" ]; then CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID" elif [ $1 = "start" ]; then CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID" fi TOMCAT_PID="$PWD"/"logs/tomcat.pid" if [ -f "$TOMCAT_PID" ]; then CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID" elif [ $1 = "start" ]; then CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID" fi
最后需要給項(xiàng)目用戶(hù)可執(zhí)行權(quán)限 chmod 777 catalina.sh